On December, the twentieth anniversary of the disaster, a man claiming to be a Dow representative named Jude Finisterra was interviewed on the BBC. He claimed that the company had agreed to clean up the site and compensate those harmed in the incident. video Immediately afterward, Dows share price fell . in minutes, for a loss of billion in market value . Dow quickly issued a statement saying that they had no employee by that name — that he was an impostor, not affiliated with Dow, and that his claims were a hoax. BBC broadcast a correction and an apology. The statement was widely carried . Jude Finisterra was actually Andy Bichlbaum, a member of the activist prankster group The Yes Men. In , The Yes Men issued a phony press release explaining why Dow refused to take responsibility for the disaster and started up a website, DowEthics. com, designed to look like the Dow website but give what they felt was a more accurate cast on the events. In , a producer for BBC News emailed them through the website requesting an interview, which they gladly obliged .
Taking credit for the prank in an interview on Democracy Now, Bichlbaum explains how his fake name was derived Jude is the patron saint of impossible causes and Finisterra means the end of the Earth. He explained that he settled on this approach taking responsibility because it would show people precisely how Dow could help the situation as well as likely garnering major media attention in the US, which had largely ignored the disasters anniversaries, when Dow attempted to correct the statement . After the original interview was revealed as a hoax, Bichlbaum appeared in a followup interview on the United Kingdoms Channel news video. During the interview he was repeatedly asked if he had considered the emotions and reaction of the people of Bhopal when producing the hoax. According to the interviewer, there were many people in tears upon having learned of the hoax. Each time, Bichlbaum said that, in comparison, what distress he had caused the people was minimal to that for which Dow was responsible.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide chemical formula CO is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earths atmosphere in this state. It is currently at a globally averaged concentration of approximately ppm by volume in the Earths atmosphere, although this is increasing due to human activity. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide fluctuate slightly with the change of the seasons, falling during the spring and summer as plants consume the gas, and rising during the fall and winter as plants go dormant, die and decay. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas as it transmits visible light but absorbs strongly in the infrared and nearinfraredcitation needed. Carbon dioxide is produced by all animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms during respiration and is used by plants during photosynthesis. This is to make sugars which may either be consumed again in respiration or used as the raw material to produce cellulose for plant growth. It is, therefore, a major component of the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is generated as a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels or the burning of vegetable matter, among other chemical processes. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted from volcanoes and other geothermal processes such as hot springs and geysers. Carbon dioxide has no liquid state at pressures below . atm, but is a solid at temperatures below °C. In its solid state, carbon dioxide is commonly called dry ice.
CO is an acidic oxide an aqueous solution turns litmus from blue to pink.
CO is toxic in higher concentrations , ppm will make some people feel drowsycitation needed. Concentrations of to cause dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas. When inhaled at concentrations much higher than usual atmospheric levels, it can produce a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat. These effects result from the gas dissolving in the mucous membranes and saliva, forming a weak solution of carbonic acid. This sensation can also occur during an attempt to stifle a burp after drinking a carbonated beverage. Amounts above , ppm are considered very unhealthy, and those above about , ppm equal to by volume are considered dangerous to animal life. At standard temperature and pressure, the density of carbon dioxide is around . kgm³, about . times that of air. The carbon dioxide molecule OCO contains two double bonds and has a linear shape. It has no electrical dipole, and as it is fully oxidized, it is moderately reactive and is nonflammable, but will support the combustion of metals such as magnesium.
Carbon dioxide changes directly from a solid phase to a gaseous phase through sublimation, or from gaseous to solid through deposition. Solid carbon dioxide is normally called dry ice, a generic trademark. It was first observed in by the French chemist Charles Thilorier. Dry ice is commonly used as a cooling agent, and it is relatively inexpensive. A convenient property for this purpose is that solid carbon dioxide sublimes directly into the gas phase leaving no liquid. It can often be found in grocery stores and laboratories, and it is also used in the shipping industry. The largest noncooling use for dry ice is blast cleaning. Liquid carbon dioxide forms only at pressures above . atm the triple point of carbon dioxide is about kPa at -. °C See phase diagram, above. The critical point is . MPa at . °C. An alternative form of solid carbon dioxide, an amorphous glasslike form, is possible, although not at atmospheric pressure. This form of glass, called carbonia, was produced by supercooling heated CO at extreme pressure – GPa or about , atmospheres in a diamond anvil. This discovery confirmed the theory that carbon dioxide could exist in a glass state similar to other members of its elemental family, like silicon silica glass and germanium. Unlike silica and germania glasses, however, carbonia glass is not stable at normal pressures and reverts back to gas when pressure is released.
Taking credit for the prank in an interview on Democracy Now, Bichlbaum explains how his fake name was derived Jude is the patron saint of impossible causes and Finisterra means the end of the Earth. He explained that he settled on this approach taking responsibility because it would show people precisely how Dow could help the situation as well as likely garnering major media attention in the US, which had largely ignored the disasters anniversaries, when Dow attempted to correct the statement . After the original interview was revealed as a hoax, Bichlbaum appeared in a followup interview on the United Kingdoms Channel news video. During the interview he was repeatedly asked if he had considered the emotions and reaction of the people of Bhopal when producing the hoax. According to the interviewer, there were many people in tears upon having learned of the hoax. Each time, Bichlbaum said that, in comparison, what distress he had caused the people was minimal to that for which Dow was responsible.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide chemical formula CO is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earths atmosphere in this state. It is currently at a globally averaged concentration of approximately ppm by volume in the Earths atmosphere, although this is increasing due to human activity. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide fluctuate slightly with the change of the seasons, falling during the spring and summer as plants consume the gas, and rising during the fall and winter as plants go dormant, die and decay. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas as it transmits visible light but absorbs strongly in the infrared and nearinfraredcitation needed. Carbon dioxide is produced by all animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms during respiration and is used by plants during photosynthesis. This is to make sugars which may either be consumed again in respiration or used as the raw material to produce cellulose for plant growth. It is, therefore, a major component of the carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide is generated as a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels or the burning of vegetable matter, among other chemical processes. Large amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted from volcanoes and other geothermal processes such as hot springs and geysers. Carbon dioxide has no liquid state at pressures below . atm, but is a solid at temperatures below °C. In its solid state, carbon dioxide is commonly called dry ice.
CO is an acidic oxide an aqueous solution turns litmus from blue to pink.
CO is toxic in higher concentrations , ppm will make some people feel drowsycitation needed. Concentrations of to cause dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas. When inhaled at concentrations much higher than usual atmospheric levels, it can produce a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat. These effects result from the gas dissolving in the mucous membranes and saliva, forming a weak solution of carbonic acid. This sensation can also occur during an attempt to stifle a burp after drinking a carbonated beverage. Amounts above , ppm are considered very unhealthy, and those above about , ppm equal to by volume are considered dangerous to animal life. At standard temperature and pressure, the density of carbon dioxide is around . kgm³, about . times that of air. The carbon dioxide molecule OCO contains two double bonds and has a linear shape. It has no electrical dipole, and as it is fully oxidized, it is moderately reactive and is nonflammable, but will support the combustion of metals such as magnesium.
Carbon dioxide changes directly from a solid phase to a gaseous phase through sublimation, or from gaseous to solid through deposition. Solid carbon dioxide is normally called dry ice, a generic trademark. It was first observed in by the French chemist Charles Thilorier. Dry ice is commonly used as a cooling agent, and it is relatively inexpensive. A convenient property for this purpose is that solid carbon dioxide sublimes directly into the gas phase leaving no liquid. It can often be found in grocery stores and laboratories, and it is also used in the shipping industry. The largest noncooling use for dry ice is blast cleaning. Liquid carbon dioxide forms only at pressures above . atm the triple point of carbon dioxide is about kPa at -. °C See phase diagram, above. The critical point is . MPa at . °C. An alternative form of solid carbon dioxide, an amorphous glasslike form, is possible, although not at atmospheric pressure. This form of glass, called carbonia, was produced by supercooling heated CO at extreme pressure – GPa or about , atmospheres in a diamond anvil. This discovery confirmed the theory that carbon dioxide could exist in a glass state similar to other members of its elemental family, like silicon silica glass and germanium. Unlike silica and germania glasses, however, carbonia glass is not stable at normal pressures and reverts back to gas when pressure is released.
